The first to create much longer sequences seem to have been Charles-Émile Reynaud, who between 18 had much success with his 10- to 15-minute-long Pantomimes Lumineuses. The flip book often contained more pictures and had a beginning and end, but its animation would not last longer than a few seconds. The average 19th-century animation contained about 12 images that were displayed as a continuous loop by spinning a device manually. The stroboscopic animation principle was also applied in the zoetrope (1866), the flip book (1868) and the praxinoscope (1877).
How to make a cartoon video series#
Series of sequential images had occasionally been made over thousands of years, but the stroboscopic disc provided the first method to represent such images in fluent motion and for the first time had artists creating series with a proper systematic breakdown of movements.
In 1833, the stroboscopic disc (better known as the phénakisticope) introduced the principle of modern animation with sequential images that were shown one by one in quick succession to form an optical illusion of motion pictures. The primary meaning of the English word is "liveliness" and has been in use much longer than the meaning of "moving image medium".Ī projecting praxinoscope, from 1882, here shown superimposing an animated figure on a separately projected background scene The word "animation" stems from the Latin "animātiōn", stem of "animātiō", meaning "a bestowing of life".
Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally. Analog mechanical animation media that rely on the rapid display of sequential images include the phénakisticope, zoetrope, flip book, praxinoscope, and film. The illusion-as in motion pictures in general-is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact causes are still uncertain. cats and mice, coyotes and birds) the action often centers around violent pratfalls such as falls, collisions and explosions that would be lethal in real life.Ĭommonly, animators achieved the effect by a rapid succession of images that minimally differ from each other. Especially with animals that form a natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. The style takes inspiration from comic strips, often featuring anthropomorphic animals, superheroes, or the adventures of child protagonists. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures.Īn animated cartoon is an animated film, usually a short film aimed at children and featuring an exaggerated visual style. Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. This animation moves at 10 frames per second.Īnimation is a method in which figures are manipulated to appear as moving images.
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